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This study is focused on analyzing all 31 poems by Santiago Villafania (1971) in his book, Balikas na Caboloan. The aim of this study is to reveal how his use of his native language and cultural heritage has transformed Pangasinan from a tangible, physical place to a state of ideology, which is Caboloan.

Using Stephen Greenblatt’s theory of New Historicism, the significance of the texts were analyzed by first, describing the values, mores and the researcher’s knowledge of the history of Pangasinan, particularly at the time indicated in the texts; second, by reflecting on how Villafania’s personal historical circumstances affected or influenced the text; and third, by identifying and appreciating the social mores that were communicated within the text.

The study shows that Villafania’s poetry was heavily influenced by his personal account or view of his environment, specifically, the place where he grew up in, Pangasinan. The practices, beliefs and ultimately, the way of life insinuated within the text are reminiscent of an older time, thus transforming Pangasinan, as we know it today, back to Caboloan.

Abstract: Languages in the Philippines, though almost all belonging to the Austronesian language family, have unique ways on how sounds and sound patterns are realized. The number of phonemic sounds varies in each language. The Pangasinan language, according to Richard Benton (1971), has five significant vowel phonemes namely /a/, / ɛ /, / ǝ /, /i/ and / ᴐ / or / ʊ / , and 13 consonant phonemes. The quality of these phonemes changes depending on the phonetic environment. This study used a scientific approach in describing the vowels of Pangasinan according to their acoustic properties and depending on the environments they are found. These environments include stressed and unstressed positions. A software program was utilized to analyze the individual characteristics of these vowels. In general, this study contributes to the production and development of educational materials in teaching the Pangasinan language to its native speakers, and even to interested second language learners.

The intent of this paper is to present an argument for the position that the decadence of anlong (poetry) in Pangasinan was due to the fact that the vernacular writers were more attuned to prose writing since Pangasinan was elevated into the rank of liturgical and literary language in the nineteenth century by the Dominican missionaries. The vernacular was first consciously used for political, social and cultural values after the Spanish Era in the writings of the zarzuelistas (1900s- 1930s) up to the time of the novelists (1930s-1960s).

This study was conducted at the Golden Angels Educational Institution during the S.Y. 2006-2007 among the twenty (20) preschoolers and four (4) preschool teachers. It was delimited to learning activities like rhymes action songs, puzzles and games.

The study included Grade 8 students of the Metro-Dagupan Colleges Productivity High School. This study delimits the physical defects of the students in pronouncing words and the teacher are not included in the study.

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study involved only the selected pupils of the Baloling Elementary School, Mapandan, Pangasinan, because the researcher wants to gather sufficient and accurate data or information regarding the practices of intermediate school teachers in classroom management at Baloling Elementary School, Mapandan, Pangasinan. The researcher chose three areas of the classroom management is it because many teachers have poor classroom management on the said areas that is why their class turns into chaos and being interrupted. The researcher also chose intermediate pupils to have an appropriate data or answers to the checklist.

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study is limited only to security measures observed and implemented in the three subdivisions in Mangaldan, Pangasinan. It includes the security guards and the residents in the different subdivisions.
However, the security agencies and their administrators are not included in this study since they might have different answers. Contradicting answers from both groups answering the same questions may only invalidate the reliability of the responses.

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study involved the students of Grade VI pupils at Maasin Elementary School who are mobile phone users in order to suggest strategies/techniques to improve the spelling proficiency of Grade VI pupils for the School Year 2009-2010.

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study was focused only on the security measures that are implemented by the Mangaldan National High School. These security measures would mean a great deal not only on the lives of those in the school but with school property as well.

The researcher focused the study in finding out the proficiency in reading comprehension of the first year MDC Science Based Productivity High School students. The researcher includes reading comprehension skill and proper pronunciation.

In order for this study to be precise, it focused only on the reported cases only in Mangaldan Police Station, the common causes of the reported juvenile delinquency cases, thr number of convicted if there are any, the surroundings and the variables that are mentioned in the paradigm of this study.

This study is about the evacuation procedure of the Barangay Embarcedero on Natural Disasters like earthquake , fire, typhoon or storm and tsunami.The Barangay Embarcadero is far from coastal area of San Fabian, but there is still the tendency that the rivers may overflow which may cause flooding to other Barangay's of the Municipality of Mangaldan, Pangasinan. Fire has its evacuation center nearest in the Barangay Embarcadero Elementary School.

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study covered only eighteen (18) Bachelor degree graduates from year 2000-2013 of Metro Dagupan Colleges in Mangaldan. Researchers included graduates of the Associate Degree. In order to gather sufficient and accurate information, researchers had made a questionnaire answered by the respondents.

This study focuses on the respondents the studentsof Metro-Dagupan Colleges, high school and college just to know the level of awareness and the status of the implementation of the rules of Discipline to the student handbook. The study covers the discipline code being applied to all college and high school students enrolled at Metro-Dagupan Colleges for School Year 2014-2015

The main focus of the study was to determine the mastery of the second year college students in the topic rounding off numbers. Other grade levels are not included. Also, the first, third and fourth year college students are not included in the study.

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study includes PNP Mangaldan and Barangay officials, asking our respondents to give some information about our topic entitled crimes against person that we all known that our respondents our knowledgeable about it. This study did not include the private personnel in mangaldan. The personnel are NUP (Non-Uniform Pulis).

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
The researcher focused the study on the Participation of Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) in crime prevention at San Jacinto, Pangasinan. The respondents were residents of the nineteen (19) Barangay of San Jacinto, Pangasinan. It did not include the functions of the SK chairman and its officials.

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study involved Grace VI pupils in Binday Elementary School for the School Year 1999-2000. It consists of 2 sections and 2 teachers which were ranked and randomly sampled. It was limited to the teacher, it does not include the environment and instructional materials factors because most of the teachers factors affect the effectiveness of teaching Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan are teachers factors.

This study is solely confined to the computer science students of the Metro-Dagupan Colleges including students from other disciplines taking Computer Fundamentals as a subject.

The study concentrated on the teaching strategies employed by the Mangaldan National HIgh School mathematics teachers in all levels.

This study was conducted to e able to determine the learning style of the first year college students on the different courses this school year 2000-2001. In addition, the researchers focused mainly in the identification of the learning style based on David Kolb's four dimensional model on learning style. However, due to time constraints and lack of resources, the researchers were not able to include intervening variables su7ch as age, sex, IQ level and economic status.

The study deals mainly on Bitaog seed as the main source of the study. Specifically, it attempts to find out of Bitaog seed could be an alternative material to produce oil. Generally, to prove if the oil Bitaog seed can cure muscle pain, arthritis, rheumatism, and ailments.

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study focused on the responses of the kindergarten pupils of the Golden Angels Educational Institution in Mangaldan and San Jacinto, School Year 2008-2009, to test what are the educational values of it to their learning. The study includes the contents and the way of discovering and motivating the learning skills of kindergarten pupils.

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study focuses on the problems as anticipated by the researchers based on the information gathered in managing a broiler business. It focuses on the following aspects of the proposed business: market aspect, technical aspect, management aspect, financial aspect, and socio-economic aspect.

Excerpt from Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study covered the preparation of Grade 8 students in Metro Dagupan Colleges Productivity High School. The study was accompanied by questionnaires/checklist prepared by the researcher for data gathering which were administered to the respondents.